The covalent bonds present in based on the valence electrons and thus form 4 bonds.
The valence electrons are the number of electrons present on the last orbital of the atom.
The atomic number of carbon is 6, thereby it is given with the electronic configuration 2, 4.
There is the presence of the 4 valence electrons in the carbon atom, and thereby the number of covalent bonds formed by carbon atom is 4.
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